Gene Mutation
By CY

Gene mutation involves the changing of the DNA or RNA to alter the results of the genetic material. Such mutations often result from copying errors in the genetic material during cell division. Exposure to radiation can also create such errors. That being said, it is very important that you notify your doctor if you are pregnant or may be pregnant prior to having x-rays. Exposure to viruses can also result in gene mutation.
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Gene mutations create differences in the gene pool. The less dominate mutations are eliminated from the gene pool by natural selection. The dominate ones growth, leading to evolution. Most mutations aren’t a concern because DNA is able to repair itself, correcting the mutations before they become permanent.
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Gene mutations are classified into three categories:  the effect on structure, the effect on function, and by the phenotype affected. Structural mutations are those that affect only a few nucleotides. Function mutations result in recessive genes becoming dominate because the gene gains an abnormal function. Gene mutation by phenotype generally affects the physical appearance of that individual.
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Researchers at the University



of California observed fruit flies. They documented the changes in gene mutations that occurred. The study identified a gene mutation that alters sensitivity to alcohol. This could be beneficial in understanding why people have a different tolerance for alcohol than others. They continued the studies and got the same results with nicotine and cocaine. The hope is that by characterizing these genetic mutations in people that respond to acute tolerance, new drugs will be developed to treat alcohol dependency.
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Genetic disorders are basically the result of gene mutations. The changes to the DNA result in errors to the protein sequence. The result is either partially formed proteins or non-functional proteins. The genetic disorder is the result of the proteins not being properly able to function as required.
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Some genetic mutations create a positive outcome by creating new versions of proteins that help a person adapt to changes in their environment. For example, a genetic mutation that results in a higher immune system can be very beneficial to that person. If that gene is passed on to future generations, it can decrease illness worldwide in the future.

 

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